Tuesday, 6 December 2016

Frequency spectrum 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G

  • Spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation. Such radiation varies from very long radio waves of thousands of kilometers wavelength to microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays, the latter having a wavelength less than the size of an atom. See below image you can understand.

1G Technology

  • 1G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications which was first introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s.
  • It’s Speed was upto 2.4 kbps, allowed the voice calls in 1 country.
  • It used Analog Signal and AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile systems.
    Drawbacks
    • Poor Voice Quality.
    • Poor Battery Life.
    • Large Phone Size.
    • No Security.

    2G Technology

    • 2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on GSM.
    • It was launched in Finland in the year 1991 and used digital signals.
    • It’s data speed was upto 64kbps.
      Features include
      • It enables services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multi media message).
      • It provides better quality and capacity.
      Drawbacks
      • 2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any specific area ,digital signals would weak.
      • These systems are unable to handle complex data such as Videos.

      2.5G Technology

      • 2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation of mobile telephony. It is sometimes described as 2G Cellular Technology combined with GPRS.
        Features include
        • Send/Receive E-mail Messages.
        • Speed : 64-144 kbps.
        • Web Browsing.
        Draw backs
        • Data transmission is less.

        3G Technology

        • 3G technology refer to third generation which was introduced in year 2000s.
        • Data Transmission speed increased from 144 kbps- 2 Mbps.
          Features include
          • High Speed Web / More Security.
          • Speed : 384 kbps-7.2 Mbps.
          • Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming.
          • TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls.
          • Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities.
          Draw backs
          • Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services.
          • High Bandwidth Requirement.

          4G Technology

          • 4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s.
          • Capable of providing 100 Mbps – 1 Gbps speed.
          Features include
          • More Security.
          • Low Cost Per-bit.
          • High Capacity.
          • High Speed.
          Draw backs
          • Hard to implement.
          • Need complicated hardware.

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